Muhammad, Maya civilization, Song Dynasty, rise of Byzantine Empire Ptolemaic astronomy, Roman Empire, Christ, invention of numeral 0, Gupta Empire Iron Age beginning of classical antiquityīuddha, Mahavira, Zoroaster, Confucius, Achaemenid Empire, Qin Dynasty, Classical Greece, Ashokan Empire, Vedas Completed, Euclidean geometry, Archimedean Physics, Roman Republic Late Bronze Age to early Iron Age Minoan eruption ( January 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)Įarly Bronze Age Proto-writing Building of Stonehenge Cursusįirst Dynasty of Egypt, Early Dynastic period in Sumer, beginning of Indus Valley civilisationĬode of Hammurabi, Middle Kingdom of Egypt Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Mammals Triassic–Jurassic extinction eventĬretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, non-avian dinosaurs die out Permian–Triassic extinction event 57% of all biological families and 83% of all genera die Land plants Ordovician–Silurian extinction events Īrthropods (ancestors of insects, arachnids) Ī similar analogy used to visualize the geologic time scale and the history of life on Earth is the Geologic Calendar Cosmology Dateīig Bang, as seen through cosmic background radiation, which would have been last emitted 14 minutes after midnightįirst known remains of biotic life (discovered in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia).
Sagan goes on to extend the comparison in terms of surface area, explaining that if the Cosmic Calendar is scaled to the size of a football field, then "all of human history would occupy an area the size of hand". The concept was popularized by Carl Sagan in his 1977 book The Dragons of Eden and on his 1980 television series Cosmos. Īt this scale, there are 437.5 years per cosmic second, 1.575 million years per cosmic hour, and 37.8 million years per cosmic day.
In this visualization, the Big Bang took place at the beginning of January 1 at midnight, and the current moment maps onto the end of December 31 just before midnight.
The Cosmic Calendar is a method to visualize the chronology of the universe, scaling its currently understood age of 13.8 billion years to a single year in order to help intuit it for pedagogical purposes in science education or popular science. A graphical view of the Cosmic Calendar, featuring the months of the year, days of December, the final minute, and the final second.
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